{"id":5036,"date":"2025-12-03T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-03T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/03\/grace-hopper-pionniere-informatique\/"},"modified":"2026-06-06T16:33:56","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T14:33:56","slug":"grace-hopper-pionniere-informatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/03\/grace-hopper-pionniere-informatique\/","title":{"rendered":"Grace Hopper : l&rsquo;amirale qui a appris \u00e0 parler aux machines"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5036\" class=\"elementor elementor-5036 elementor-bc-flex-widget\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43356ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43356ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5fca092\" data-id=\"5fca092\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7a803b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c7a803b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Grace Hopper : l'amirale qui a appris \u00e0 parler aux machines<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3618e2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3618e2d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f22276d\" data-id=\"f22276d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcf31a3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dcf31a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/charte-anita\/blog\/grace-hopper.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"Silhouette de femme en uniforme de la Navy pres d&apos;un ordinateur ancien a bandes, un papillon rouge (le premier bug)\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-83c4035\" data-id=\"83c4035\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6455967 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6455967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-chapeau\"><p>Et si l&rsquo;informatique parlait notre langue, on le doit en partie \u00e0 elle. Grace Hopper (1906-1992), math\u00e9maticienne et offici\u00e8re de l&rsquo;US Navy, a invent\u00e9 les premiers compilateurs et popularis\u00e9 l&rsquo;id\u00e9e d&rsquo;un code lisible par les humains. <em>Grace Hopper et l&rsquo;invention de l&rsquo;\u00e2ge informatique<\/em> de Kurt Beyer raconte cette pionni\u00e8re.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tg_share_bar elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"tg_share_bar\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-share-bar\">\n  <span class=\"tg-share-label\">Partager cet article<\/span>\n  <div class=\"tg-share-buttons\">\n\n    <a class=\"tg-share-btn tg-share-linkedin\" id=\"tg-btn-linkedin\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Partager sur LinkedIn\">\n      <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" 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data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:3638,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/staging.taniagombert.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/Paper_09.png&quot;}],&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:5000,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79752f8\" data-id=\"79752f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tg_styles elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"tg_styles\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\/* ============================================================\n   TANIA GOMBERT \u00b7 Article editorial v3.0 (28\/05\/2026)\n   Charte Anita Marqueze 2024 \u00b7 scrapbook feministe premium pop-art\n   Palette : rouge passion #AC0C2E \u00b7 bleu nuit #070738 \u00b7 creme #FAF3E8\n   Fonts   : Gloock (H1\/H2) \u00b7 Lora (corps serif) \u00b7 Allura (accents Sergia-like)\n   ============================================================ *\/\n\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Gloock&family=Lora:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600&family=Allura&display=swap');\n\n\/* === Tokens couleur Anita === *\/\n.tg-article-eyebrow,\n.tg-chapeau,\n.tg-body,\n.tg-citation,\n.tg-cta-block,\n.tg-et-si,\n.tg-hashtags,\n.tg-signature {\n  --tg-rouge: 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#070738;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  max-width: 640px;\n}\n\n\/* === Hashtags discrets === *\/\n.tg-hashtags {\n  text-align: center;\n  margin: 2.2rem auto 1rem;\n  color: #070738;\n  opacity: 0.55;\n  font-size: 0.82rem;\n  letter-spacing: 0.08em;\n  font-family: 'Lora', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\n}\n\n\/* === Signature finale #JusteTania === *\/\n.tg-signature {\n  text-align: center;\n  margin: 1.8rem 0 2.2rem;\n  font-family: 'Allura', 'Lora', Georgia, cursive;\n  font-style: normal;\n  color: #AC0C2E;\n  font-size: 1.5rem;\n  letter-spacing: 0.02em;\n}\n.tg-signature::before {\n  content: '';\n  display: block;\n  width: 40px;\n  height: 2px;\n  background: #AC0C2E;\n  margin: 0 auto 1rem;\n  opacity: 0.5;\n}\n\n\/* === Mobile === *\/\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n  .tg-body h2,\n  .tg-section-body .elementor-widget-heading h2 {\n    font-size: 1.55rem !important;\n    margin: 2.8rem 0 1.1rem !important;\n  }\n  .tg-chapeau p { font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 1.65; }\n  .tg-chapeau p::first-letter { font-size: 3.7em; }\n  .tg-citation {\n    padding: 1.9rem 1.5rem 1.4rem 3rem;\n    margin: 2.8rem auto 2.2rem;\n  }\n  .tg-citation::before { font-size: 5rem; left: 0.4rem; }\n  .tg-citation .tg-citation-text { font-size: 1.18rem; }\n  .tg-et-si {\n    padding: 1.85rem 1rem;\n    margin: 2.8rem auto 2.2rem;\n  }\n  .tg-et-si p { font-size: 1.5rem; }\n  .tg-cta-block { padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.4rem; }\n  .tg-cta-block .tg-cta-prompt { font-size: 1.1rem; }\n  .tg-cta-block .tg-cta-actions {\n    flex-direction: column;\n    align-items: stretch;\n  }\n  .tg-cta-block .tg-cta-btn { text-align: center; }\n  .tg-article-eyebrow {\n    font-size: 0.68rem;\n    gap: 0.55rem;\n    letter-spacing: 0.16em;\n  }\n  .tg-signature { font-size: 1.3rem; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tg_eyebrow elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"tg_eyebrow\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-article-eyebrow\"><span class=\"tg-pillar\">Figures f\u00e9ministes<\/span><span class=\"tg-dot\">&middot;<\/span><span class=\"tg-meta\">6 min de lecture<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c587d3a tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c587d3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Une math\u00e9maticienne sous l'uniforme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be4e82c tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be4e82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-body\"><p>Engag\u00e9e dans la Marine am\u00e9ricaine pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Grace Hopper travaille sur l&rsquo;un des premiers grands calculateurs, le Harvard Mark I. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 beaucoup voyaient une machine de guerre, elle voit un langage \u00e0 inventer. Elle gravira tous les \u00e9chelons jusqu&rsquo;au grade de contre-amirale, dans une institution presque exclusivement masculine. Sa rigueur militaire et sa libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;esprit ne se contredisent pas : elles font d&rsquo;elle une figure inclassable, \u00e0 la fois soldate, savante et provocatrice.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f1627 tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13f1627\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apprendre \u00e0 la machine notre langue<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b86af74 tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b86af74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-body\"><p>Sa grande id\u00e9e : on ne devrait pas avoir \u00e0 parler en chiffres pour programmer. Elle con\u00e7oit le premier compilateur, un programme qui traduit des instructions proches du langage humain en code machine. Cette intuition d\u00e9bouchera sur des langages comme le COBOL, qui fait encore tourner des banques aujourd&rsquo;hui. Hopper a rendu l&rsquo;informatique accessible au-del\u00e0 du cercle des sp\u00e9cialistes. Sans elle, coder serait rest\u00e9 l&rsquo;affaire d&rsquo;une poign\u00e9e d&rsquo;initi\u00e9s parlant la langue des seules machines.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8143d7 tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e8143d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le premier \u00ab bug \u00bb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0a7e58 tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0a7e58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-body\"><p>On lui doit la popularisation d&rsquo;un mot devenu universel. Un jour, une panne du calculateur est caus\u00e9e par un papillon de nuit coinc\u00e9 dans un relais. L&rsquo;\u00e9quipe le retire, le colle dans son carnet, et parle de \u00ab d\u00e9bogage \u00bb. L&rsquo;anecdote est savoureuse, mais elle dit aussi le quotidien concret, presque artisanal, de ces pionni\u00e8res. Derri\u00e8re la l\u00e9gende technologique, il y avait des femmes qui r\u00e9paraient, \u00e0 la main, des machines r\u00e9calcitrantes, en inventant au passage notre vocabulaire.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f9c272 tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f9c272\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Transmettre, encore et toujours<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f31ae tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4f31ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-body\"><p>Hopper fut une enseignante infatigable. Elle parcourait les \u00c9tats-Unis pour expliquer l&rsquo;informatique, avec un sens du verbe redoutable et un go\u00fbt pour la p\u00e9dagogie imag\u00e9e. Elle distribuait des bouts de fil de la longueur d&rsquo;une nanoseconde pour faire sentir la vitesse de la lumi\u00e8re. Transmettre \u00e9tait pour elle aussi important qu&rsquo;inventer. C&rsquo;est un trait que je retrouve dans ce qui m&rsquo;anime : un savoir qui ne se partage pas reste un privil\u00e8ge, et le privil\u00e8ge, par nature, exclut.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e70a15c tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e70a15c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ce que Grace Hopper nous l\u00e8gue<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e27eff tg-section-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e27eff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-body\"><p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;heure de l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/06\/01\/biais-algorithmiques-ia-inegalites\/\">intelligence artificielle<\/a>, se souvenir qu&rsquo;une femme a rendu le code humain n&rsquo;est pas un d\u00e9tail. Avec <a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/08\/ada-lovelace-premiere-programmeuse\/\">Ada Lovelace<\/a>, Hopper rappelle que les femmes n&rsquo;ont pas \u00e0 conqu\u00e9rir la tech : elles l&rsquo;ont fond\u00e9e. C&rsquo;est le fil de mon essai <a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/01\/14\/le-monde-est-injuste-et-alors-3-ans-plus-tard\/\"><em>Le monde est injuste, et alors ?<\/em><\/a> : rendre visibles celles que l&rsquo;Histoire a rang\u00e9es dans ses marges.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tg_citation elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"tg_citation\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-citation\"><p class=\"tg-citation-text\">\u00ab Grace Hopper a appris aux machines \u00e0 parler notre langue. On a mis des d\u00e9cennies \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre la sienne. \u00bb<\/p><span class=\"tg-citation-author\">Tania Gombert<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tg_cta elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"tg_cta\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-cta-block\"><p class=\"tg-cta-prompt\">Ces sujets r&eacute;sonnent avec les v&ocirc;tres ? &Eacute;changeons.<\/p><div class=\"tg-cta-actions\"><a class=\"tg-cta-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/collaborons-ensemble\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Collaborons ensemble<\/a><a class=\"tg-cta-btn tg-cta-btn-secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/prenons-contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prenons contact<\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tg_et_si elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"tg_et_si\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"max-width:720px;margin:2.8rem auto 1.2rem;padding:24px 28px;background:#070738;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap\"><div style=\"flex:1;min-width:200px\"><div style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#AC0C2E;margin-bottom:8px\">Le livre<\/div><div style=\"font-family:'Gloock',Georgia,serif;font-size:21px;color:#FAF3E8;line-height:1.25\">Grace Hopper et l'invention de l'&acirc;ge informatique<span style=\"opacity:.7;font-size:15px\"> &middot; Kurt W. Beyer<\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/s?k=Grace+Hopper+Kurt+Beyer+informatique&tag=taniagombert-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener sponsored nofollow\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#070738;background:#FAF3E8;padding:14px 26px;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap\">Sur Amazon &rarr;<\/a><\/div><div style=\"max-width:720px;margin:1.2rem auto 2.6rem;padding:22px 26px;border:1px solid #e2ddd2;background:#FAF8F3\"><div style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#AC0C2E;margin-bottom:12px\">Dans la m&ecirc;me s&eacute;rie &middot; Figures f&eacute;ministes<\/div><ul style=\"list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0\"><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/08\/ada-lovelace-premiere-programmeuse\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Ada Lovelace &middot; la premi&egrave;re programmeuse<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/01\/07\/hedy-lamarr-star-et-inventrice\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Hedy Lamarr &middot; star et inventrice<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/15\/katherine-johnson-figures-de-lombre\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Katherine Johnson &middot; &laquo; Les Figures de l'ombre &raquo;<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/25\/angela-davis-femmes-race-classe\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Angela Davis &middot; &laquo; Femmes, race et classe &raquo;<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/29\/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectionnalite\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Kimberl&eacute; Crenshaw &middot; l'intersectionnalit&eacute;<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/13\/bell-hooks-feminisme-des-marges\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">bell hooks &middot; le f&eacute;minisme des marges<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/22\/audre-lorde-sister-outsider\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Audre Lorde &middot; &laquo; Sister Outsider &raquo;<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/12\/simone-de-beauvoir-deuxieme-sexe\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Simone de Beauvoir &middot; &laquo; Le Deuxi&egrave;me Sexe &raquo;<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/29\/simone-veil-une-vie\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Simone Veil &middot; &laquo; Une vie &raquo;<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/18\/gisele-halimi-farouche-liberte\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Gis&egrave;le Halimi &middot; &laquo; Une farouche libert&eacute; &raquo;<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/07\/28\/cleopatre-reine-de-pouvoir\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Cl&eacute;op&acirc;tre &middot; la reine que l'Histoire a salie<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/25\/marilyn-monroe-icone-fabriquee\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Marilyn Monroe &middot; l'ic&ocirc;ne fabriqu&eacute;e<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/08\/eve-mythe-de-la-faute\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">&Egrave;ve &middot; le mythe de la faute<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/22\/olympe-de-gouges-droits-de-la-femme\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Olympe de Gouges &middot; les droits de la femme<\/a><\/li><li style=\"margin:8px 0;padding-left:18px;position:relative\"><span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;color:#AC0C2E\">&rarr;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/11\/epouses-et-concubines-su-tong\/\" style=\"font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-size:14.5px;color:#070738;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(172,12,46,.4)\">Su Tong &middot; &laquo; &Eacute;pouses et concubines &raquo;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tg_hashtags elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"tg_hashtags\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"tg-hashtags\">#FiguresF\u00e9ministes #GraceHopper #FemmesEtTech #Informatique #IA #F\u00e9minisme<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tg_signature elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"tg_signature\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tg-signature\">#JusteTania<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-120d449 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"120d449\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d84dea\" data-id=\"4d84dea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d44b651 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d44b651\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n.tg-post-nav-wrap {\n  margin: 3.5rem auto 1.5rem;\n  max-width: 920px;\n  padding: 0 1rem;\n}\n.tg-post-nav-wrap .tg-nav-divider {\n  height: 1px;\n  background: linear-gradient(to right, transparent 0%, #D2BB95 20%, #D2BB95 80%, transparent 100%);\n  margin: 0 0 2rem;\n}\n.tg-post-nav {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n  gap: 1.5rem;\n}\n.tg-post-nav .tg-nav-link {\n  display: block;\n  padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;\n  background: #FAF6EE;\n  border: 1px solid #E8DCC2;\n  border-radius: 4px;\n  text-decoration: none !important;\n  color: #2C1F18 !important;\n  transition: all 0.25s ease;\n  position: relative;\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n.tg-post-nav .tg-nav-link:hover {\n  background: #F5EFE5;\n  border-color: #B8762E;\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(44, 31, 24, 0.08);\n}\n.tg-post-nav .tg-nav-link:hover .tg-nav-arrow {\n  color: #B8762E;\n  transform: translateX(0);\n}\n.tg-post-nav .tg-nav-prev:hover .tg-nav-arrow { transform: translateX(-4px); 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Grace Hopper (1906-1992), math\u00e9maticienne et offici\u00e8re de l&rsquo;US Navy, a invent\u00e9 les premiers compilateurs et popularis\u00e9 l&rsquo;id\u00e9e d&rsquo;un code lisible par\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":5037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"zakra_general_container_width":0,"zakra_general_content_width":0,"zakra_general_sidebar_width":0,"zakra_sticky_header":"customizer","zakra_header_main_area":true,"zakra_site_logo_width":0,"zakra_header_top_enabled":"customizer","zakra_header_top_style":"customizer","zakra_primary_menu_item_style":"customizer","zakra_page_header_text_color":"","zakra_page_header_layout":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg":"","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_image":0,"zakra_page_title_bg_repeat":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg_position":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg_size":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg_attachment":"customizer","zakra_breadcrumbs_enabled":"customizer","zakra_breadcrumbs_text_color":"","zakra_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","zakra_breadcrumbs_link_color":"","zakra_breadcrumbs_link_hover_color":"","zakra_page_title_bg_image":0,"zakra_footer_widgets_enabled":"customizer","zakra_footer_column_layout_1_style":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg":"","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_repeat":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_position":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_size":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_attachment":"customizer","zakra_footer_bar_enabled":"customizer","zakra_footer_bar_style":"customizer","zakra_page_container_layout":"customizer","zakra_page_sidebar_layout":"customizer","zakra_remove_content_margin":false,"zakra_sidebar":"customizer","zakra_transparent_header":"customizer","zakra_logo":0,"zakra_main_header_style":"default","zakra_menu_item_color":"","zakra_menu_item_hover_color":"","zakra_menu_item_active_color":"","zakra_menu_active_style":"","zakra_page_header":true,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,7,84],"tags":[134],"class_list":["post-5036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyse-litteraire","category-feminisme","category-tech-ia-ethique","tag-figures-feministes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5036"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5036\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5077,"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5036\/revisions\/5077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniagombert.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}